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Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs, or, as it is known in people, Addison's disease, is an endocrine system disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce enough hormones for normal function. The adrenal glands secrete glucocorticoids such as cortisol [ 1 ] and mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone ; [ 2 ] when proper amounts of these ...
dexamethasone – anti-inflammatory steroid diazepam – benzodiazepine used to treat status epilepticus, also used as a preanaesthetic and a sedative dichlorophene – fungicide , germicide , and antimicrobial agent , also used for the removal of parasites
Dexamethasone is an exogenous steroid that provides negative feedback to the pituitary gland to suppress the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Specifically, dexamethasone binds to glucocorticoid receptors in the anterior pituitary gland, which lie outside the blood–brain barrier , resulting in regulatory modulation.
Dexamethasone is a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication [10] used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of some forms of cancer), [11] and along with antibiotics in tuberculosis. [10]
Dexamethasone – a synthetic glucocorticoid binds more powerfully to the glucocorticoid receptor than cortisol does. Dexamethasone is based on the cortisol structure but differs at three positions (extra double bond in the A-ring between carbons 1 and 2 and addition of a 9-α-fluoro group and a 16-α-methyl substituent).
Two dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) are generally used, the overnight test and the 48 hour test. [8] For both tests, a plasma cortisol level above 50 nmol/L is indicative of Cushing's disease. [8] However, 3–8% of patients with Cushing's disease will test negative due to a retention of dexamethasone suppression abilities. [8]
Generally, tapering is done is to avoid or minimize withdrawal symptoms that arise from neurobiological adaptation to the drug. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Prescribed psychotropic drugs that may require tapering due to this physical dependence include opioids , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors , [ 6 ] antipsychotics , [ 7 ...
For dogs, a dose ranges from 2.75 - 5.5 mg/kg once a day. The duration of treatment is usually at least five days, longer if there is a concurrent fungal or yeast infection. [ 4 ] Maximum duration of treatment is 30 days.