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The Gayatri mantra is cited widely in Hindu texts, such as the mantra listings of the Śrauta liturgy, and classical Hindu texts such as the Bhagavad Gita, [5] [6] Harivamsa, [7] and Manusmṛti. [8] The mantra and its associated metric form was known by the Buddha. [ 9 ]
Gayatri (Sanskrit: गायत्री, IAST: Gāyatrī) is the personified form of the Gayatri Mantra, a popular hymn from Vedic texts. [5] She is also known as Savitri , and holds the title of Vedamata ('mother of the Vedas').
Ghurye notes that the text identifying Ganesa with the Brahman and is of a very late origin, [7] while Courtright and Thapan date it to the 16th or 17th century. [8] [9]While the Ganapati Atharvaśīrṣa is a late text, the earliest mention of the word Ganapati is found in hymn 2.23.1 of the 2nd-millennium BCE Rigveda. [10]
Just before the japa, the Gāyatrī mantrārtha śloka that conveys the meaning of the Gāyatrī mantra is recited. The Gāyatrī mantra is then chanted either 1008, [note 12] 108, [note 13] 54, [note 14] 28, [note 15] or at least 10 [note 16] times, using either a japamāla (prayer beads) or a karamāla (hand-counting).
Mantra japa is a practice of repetitively uttering the same mantra [49] for an auspicious number of times, the most popular being 108, and sometimes just 5, 10, 28 or 1008. [ 2 ] [ 50 ] Japa is found in personal prayer or meditative efforts of some Hindus, as well during formal puja (group prayers).
Turiya as 'the fourth' is referred to in a number of principal Upanishads. [1] One of the earliest mentions of the phrase turiya, "fourth", is in verse 5.14.3 of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (7th-6th century BCE), referring to a 'fourth foot' of the Gayatri Mantra, the first, second and third foot being the 24 syllables of this mantra:
Bazaar art of Gayatri, featured with five heads. The deity Gayatri , the personification of the Gayatri mantra , is depicted to possess five faces in her iconography. Four of her heads are stated to depict the four Vedas , while the fifth head stands for the Ultimate Reality .
The translation and meaning of the Mantra can be understood when the context in which the Mantra is quoted in the Upanishad is known. Prior understanding of Vedanta is essential for translation and explanation of these Mantra. The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad explains Consciousness and it in this context that this Shanti Mantra needs to be understood.
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