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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
If secretions are cleared from larger airways, airway resistance and obstruction should decrease. Clearance of secretions and improved ventilation of small airways should increase lung compliance. If clearance of secretions from both large and small airways occurs, it is reasonable to assume that the work of breathing and oxygen consumption ...
Pulmonary rehabilitation, also known as respiratory rehabilitation, is an important part of the management and health maintenance of people with chronic respiratory disease who remain symptomatic or continue to have decreased function despite standard medical treatment. It is a broad therapeutic concept.
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction. Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself. It is generally characterized by inflamed and easily ...
BLVR was initially developed in the early 2000s [1] [2] as a minimally invasive treatment for severe COPD that is primarily caused by emphysema. BLVR evolved from earlier surgical approaches first developed in the 1950s [ 3 ] to reduce lung volume by removing damaged portions of the lungs via pneumonectomy or wedge resection .
The first principle of treatment is to relieve the airway obstruction. Most commonly, this is done through endotracheal intubation. This ensures appropriate airway support and allows for easy supply of supplemental oxygen. Positive pressures oxygenation is used to reverse the negative pressures in the chest resulting from the obstruction.
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