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  2. List of logarithmic identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logarithmic_identities

    The identities of logarithms can be used to approximate large numbers. Note that log b (a) + log b (c) = log b (ac), where a, b, and c are arbitrary constants. Suppose that one wants to approximate the 44th Mersenne prime, 2 32,582,657 −1. To get the base-10 logarithm, we would multiply 32,582,657 by log 10 (2), getting 9,808,357.09543 ...

  3. Quotient algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient_algebra

    Quotient (universal algebra) in the most general mathematical setting Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists mathematics articles associated with the same title.

  4. Logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm

    The logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms of the numbers being multiplied; the logarithm of the ratio of two numbers is the difference of the logarithms. The logarithm of the p-th power of a number is p times the logarithm of the number itself; the logarithm of a p-th root is the logarithm of the number divided by p. The following ...

  5. Quotient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient

    For example, density (mass divided by volume, in units of kg/m 3) is said to be a "quotient", whereas mass fraction (mass divided by mass, in kg/kg or in percent) is a "ratio". [8] Specific quantities are intensive quantities resulting from the quotient of a physical quantity by mass, volume, or other measures of the system "size". [3]

  6. Quotient (universal algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient_(universal_algebra)

    In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation. Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras . Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in the formal sense ...

  7. Gamma function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function

    The logarithm of the gamma function satisfies the following formula due to Lerch: ⁡ = ′ (,) ′ (), where is the Hurwitz zeta function, is the Riemann zeta function and the prime (′) denotes differentiation in the first variable.

  8. Prime number theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number_theorem

    The first such distribution found is π(N) ~ ⁠ N / log(N) ⁠, where π(N) is the prime-counting function (the number of primes less than or equal to N) and log(N) is the natural logarithm of N. This means that for large enough N , the probability that a random integer not greater than N is prime is very close to 1 / log( N ) .

  9. Identity (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_(mathematics)

    Visual proof of the Pythagorean identity: for any angle , the point (,) = (⁡, ⁡) lies on the unit circle, which satisfies the equation + =.Thus, ⁡ + ⁡ =. In mathematics, an identity is an equality relating one mathematical expression A to another mathematical expression B, such that A and B (which might contain some variables) produce the same value for all values of the variables ...

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