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The toxic effects of ingesting ethylene glycol occur because it is converted by the liver into 4 other chemicals that are much more toxic. The lethal dose of pure ethylene glycol is 1.4 ml/kg (3 US fluid ounces (90 ml) is lethal to a 140-pound (64 kg) person) but is much less lethal if treated within an hour. [9] (see Ethylene glycol poisoning).
Ethylene glycol is commonly used as automobile antifreeze; while propylene glycol has been used to reduce ice formation in ice cream. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is also regarded as a conventional cryoprotectant. Glycerol and DMSO have been used for decades by cryobiologists to reduce ice formation in sperm, [3] oocytes, [4] and embryos that are ...
Ethylene glycol is a high-production-volume chemical. It breaks down in air in about 10 days and in water or soil in a few weeks. It enters the environment through the dispersal of ethylene glycol-containing products, especially at airports, where it is used in de-icing agents for runways and airplanes. [39]
Examples include ethane-1,2-diol or ethylene glycol HO−(CH 2) 2 −OH, a common ingredient of antifreeze products. Another example is propane-1,2-diol, or alpha propylene glycol, HO−CH 2 −CH(OH)−CH 3, used in the food and medicine industry, as well as a relatively non-poisonous antifreeze product.
Here are some commonly used fluids: Water: The most widely used due to its high heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Mono-ethylene glycol: Often used in a mixture with water to lower the freezing point for use in colder climates. Propylene glycol: Preferred in food production and other industries where toxicity might be a concern.
Gel packs have been made with diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol. Both can cause illness if ingested in large amounts, [7] making them unsuitable for use with food. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission recalled such packs. [7]
Some compounds used in the field are salt, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, alcohols like isobutyl and ethanol, and sugars like sucrose and glucose. Slurry ice has greater heat absorption compared to single phase refrigerants like brine , because the melting enthalpy ( latent heat ) of the ice is also used.
Glycerol was historically used as an anti-freeze for automotive applications before being replaced by ethylene glycol, which has a lower freezing point. While the minimum freezing point of a glycerol-water mixture is higher than an ethylene glycol-water mixture, glycerol is not toxic and is being re-examined for use in automotive applications.