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Jurin's law, or capillary rise, is the simplest analysis of capillary action—the induced motion of liquids in small channels [1] —and states that the maximum height of a liquid in a capillary tube is inversely proportional to the tube's diameter. Capillary action is one of the most common fluid mechanical effects explored in the field of ...
Capillary action of water (polar) compared to mercury (non-polar), in each case with respect to a polar surface such as glass (≡Si–OH). Capillary action (sometimes called capillarity, capillary motion, capillary rise, capillary effect, or wicking) is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space without the assistance of external forces like gravity.
When the characteristic height of the liquid is sufficiently less than the capillary length, then the effect of hydrostatic pressure due to gravity can be neglected. [9] Using the same premises of capillary rise, one can find the capillary length as a function of the volume increase, and wetting perimeter of the capillary walls. [10]
For reference, capillary pressures between air and brine (which is a significant system in the petrochemical industry) have been shown to range between 0.67 and 9.5 MPa. [11] There are various ways to predict, measure, or calculate capillary pressure relationships in the oil and gas industry. These include the following: [7]
Powder wettability measurement with the Washburn method. In its most general form the Lucas Washburn equation describes the penetration length of a liquid into a capillary pore or tube with time as = (), where is a simplified diffusion coefficient. [4]
The interfacial (surface) tension, St, (dyne cm −1), can be calculated by applying the equation of capillary rise method (when the contact angle Ө → 0): = where: h (cm) is the height of Hg column above the Hg meniscus in the capillary; r (cm) is the radius of capillary
Water potential is the potential energy of water per unit volume relative to pure water in reference conditions. Water potential quantifies the tendency of water to move from one area to another due to osmosis, gravity, mechanical pressure and matrix effects such as capillary action (which is caused by surface tension).
The rate at which fluid is filtered across vascular endothelium (transendothelial filtration) is determined by the sum of two outward forces, capillary pressure and colloid osmotic pressure beneath the endothelial glycocalyx (), and two absorptive forces, plasma protein osmotic pressure and interstitial pressure (). The Starling equation is the ...