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The protocols in use today in this layer for the Internet all originated in the development of TCP/IP. In the OSI model the transport layer is often referred to as Layer 4, or L4, [2] while numbered layers are not used in TCP/IP. The best-known transport protocol of the Internet protocol suite is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
For such applications, protocols like the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) operating over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are usually recommended instead. [ 13 ] TCP is a reliable byte stream delivery service that guarantees that all bytes received will be identical and in the same order as those sent.
The Internet application layer maps to the OSI application layer, presentation layer, and most of the session layer. The TCP/IP transport layer maps to the graceful close function of the OSI session layer as well as the OSI transport layer. The internet layer performs functions as those in a subset of the OSI network layer.
Although the applications are usually aware of key qualities of the transport layer connection such as the endpoint IP addresses and port numbers, application layer protocols generally treat the transport layer (and lower) protocols as black boxes which provide a stable network connection across which to communicate. The transport layer and ...
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
Protocol stack of the OSI model. The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family.Some of these terms are used interchangeably but strictly speaking, the suite is the definition of the communication protocols, and the stack is the software implementation of them.
OSI model Layer Protocol data unit (PDU) Function [3]; Host layers 7 Application: Data: High-level protocols such as for resource sharing or remote file access, e.g. HTTP. 6
The same approach can be seen in the TCP/IP layering. [56] The modules below the application layer are generally considered part of the operating system. Passing data between these modules is much less expensive than passing data between an application program and the transport layer.