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18 July 1866: A new transatlantic telegraph cable between North America and Europe is successfully completed. 1870: Telegraph lines from Britain are connected to India. 20 November 1871: Service to Winnipeg opens. [114] 1871: Practical duplex telegraphy system, allowing two messages to be sent over wire at the same time, one in each direction.
What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 (2009) pp 690–698. Israel, Paul. From Machine Shop to Industrial Laboratory: Telegraphy and the Changing Context of American Invention, 1830–1920 (Johns Hopkins UP, 1992). Jepsen, Thomas C. My Sisters Telegraphic: Women in the Telegraph Office, 1846–1950 (Ohio UP, 2000).
The Telegraph Manual: A Complete History and Description of the Semaphoric, Electric and Magnetic Telegraphs of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, Ancient and Modern (1859) The War in America: being an Historical and Political Account of the Southern and Northern States: showing the Origin and Cause of the Present Secession War (1862)
Monument in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, marking the approximate location where the first transcontinental telegraph line was completed.. The first transcontinental telegraph (completed October 24, 1861) was a line that connected the existing telegraph network in the eastern United States to a small network in California, by means of a link between Omaha, Nebraska and Carson City, Nevada ...
During the American Civil War, telegraph operators in the North organized the first telegraphers' association, the National Telegraphic Union (NTU), in 1863.The NTU saw itself primarily as a mutual benefit organization that sought to improve professional standards and provide members with benefits in the event of death, retirement, or sickness.
Depiction of the construction of the first Transcontinental Telegraph, with a Pony Express rider passing below. According to Will Bagley, "The bill authorized an annual loan of forty thousand dollars for ten years, a maximum fee of three dollars for a single dispatch of ten words, and the use of a quarter-section of public land for every fifteen miles of line to subsidize the building of a ...
The telegraph receiver's operator would visually observe the bubbles and could then record the transmitted message, albeit at a very low baud rate. [10] The principal disadvantage to the system was its prohibitive cost, due to having to manufacture and string-up the multiple wire circuits it employed, as opposed to the single wire (with ground ...
James Douglas Reid was a Scotsman who became general superintendent of the Magnetic Telegraph Company of which Amos Kendall was president in 1846. [1] The Magnetic line linked Fort Lee to Philadelphia. Among those who incorporated the line was Samuel Morse. Reid was also superintendent of the Lake Erie Telegraph Company, and the Pittsburgh ...