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Tarr, Joel A., Thomas Finholt, and David Goodman. "The city and the telegraph: urban telecommunications in the pre-telephone era." Journal of Urban History 14.1 (1987): 38–80. Thompson, Robert Luther. Wiring a Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832-1866 (1947) ends in 1866; emphasis on Western Union online
18 July 1866: A new transatlantic telegraph cable between North America and Europe is successfully completed. 1870: Telegraph lines from Britain are connected to India. 20 November 1871: Service to Winnipeg opens. [114] 1871: Practical duplex telegraphy system, allowing two messages to be sent over wire at the same time, one in each direction.
Robert Luther Thompson, Wiring A Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832–1866, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1947. Jan Cigliano, Showplace of America: Cleveland's Euclid Avenue, 1850–1910, Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1991. Dictionary of American Biography, 1928.
The United States' Telegraph was a newspaper published in Washington, D.C., in the early 19th century.It was first published in 1814 as the Washington City Gazette by Jonathan Elliot and two associates, but ceased publication the same year due to the burning of Washington during the War of 1812.
During the American Civil War, telegraph operators in the North organized the first telegraphers' association, the National Telegraphic Union (NTU), in 1863.The NTU saw itself primarily as a mutual benefit organization that sought to improve professional standards and provide members with benefits in the event of death, retirement, or sickness.
In 1832 Miller submitted a series of sixteen articles to the Vermont Telegraph, a Baptist newspaper. The Telegraph published the first of these on May 15, and Miller writes of the public's response: "I began to be flooded with letters of inquiry respecting my views; and visitors flocked to converse with me on the subject."
According to Morse, telegraph dates only from 1832 when Pavel Schilling invented one of the earliest electrical telegraphs. [3] A telegraph message sent by an electrical telegraph operator or telegrapher using Morse code (or a printing telegraph operator using plain text) was known as a telegram.
The Telegraph Manual: A Complete History and Description of the Semaphoric, Electric and Magnetic Telegraphs of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, Ancient and Modern (1859) The War in America: being an Historical and Political Account of the Southern and Northern States: showing the Origin and Cause of the Present Secession War (1862)