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This article describes techniques; for a history of the movement of tectonic plates, see Geological history of Earth.. Plate reconstruction is the process of reconstructing the positions of tectonic plates relative to each other (relative motion) or to other reference frames, such as the Earth's magnetic field or groups of hotspots, in the geological past.
The GPlates software platform comprises the GPlates desktop software, command line tools, GPlates Python library (pyGPlates), GPlates web service and web application, a high-level Python encapsulation package GPlately, a plate tectonic toolkit PlateTectonicTools and a data server which serves plate reconstruction model datasets from the cloud.
Plate distribution 64–74 Ma (Black represents present-day land area) The Kula plate was an oceanic tectonic plate under the northern Pacific Ocean south of the Near Islands segment of the Aleutian Islands. It has been subducted under the North American plate at the Aleutian Trench, being replaced by the Pacific plate.
A hypothetical lost oceanic plate called the Kshiroda Plate is supposed to have existed between the two subduction zones. It is now believed that this oceanic plate is actually a broken-off fragment of the above mentioned "Neo-Tethys oceanic basin". The bed of the Tethys sea lay on the Kshiroda Plate and was carried along with it towards Eurasia.
In passive rifting, driven by plate tectonics, the crust and lithosphere extend as a result of plate boundary forces such as slab pull. [10] Far field stresses thin the crust and lithospheric mantle, and hot asthenospheric mantle passively enters the thinned area. [10] The upwelling of asthenosphere is not involved in the actual rifting process.
A map of the Juan de Fuca plate with noted seismic incidents, including the 2001 Nisqually earthquake. The Juan de Fuca plate is bounded on the south by the Blanco fracture zone (running northwest off the coast of Oregon), on the north by the Nootka Fault (running southwest off Nootka Island, near Vancouver Island, British Columbia) and along the west by the Pacific plate (which covers most of ...
The collision-extrusion model argues that the opening of the South China Sea Basin is related to the collision of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Borneo and Indochina plate are still considered as a single block and attached to each other. When India collided with Eurasia, part of the continent was pushed towards the southeast.