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  2. Q-function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-function

    This form is advantageous in that the range of integration is fixed and finite. Craig's formula was later extended by Behnad (2020) [5] for the Q-function of the sum of two non-negative variables, as follows:

  3. Probit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probit

    Plot of probit function. In probability theory and statistics, the probit function is the quantile function associated with the standard normal distribution.It has applications in data analysis and machine learning, in particular exploratory statistical graphics and specialized regression modeling of binary response variables.

  4. Standard normal table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_normal_table

    In statistics, a standard normal table, also called the unit normal table or Z table, [1] is a mathematical table for the values of ...

  5. 97.5th percentile point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/97.5th_percentile_point

    In probability and statistics, the 97.5th percentile point of the standard normal distribution is a number commonly used for statistical calculations. The approximate value of this number is 1.96 , meaning that 95% of the area under a normal curve lies within approximately 1.96 standard deviations of the mean .

  6. Equivalent concentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_concentration

    Normality is defined as the number of gram or mole equivalents of solute present in one liter of solution.The SI unit of normality is equivalents per liter (Eq/L). = where N is normality, m sol is the mass of solute in grams, EW sol is the equivalent weight of solute, and V soln is the volume of the entire solution in liters.

  7. Birmingham gauge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_gauge

    The Birmingham gauge is also known as the Stubs Iron Wire Gauge or Birmingham Wire Gauge and is distinct from the Stubs Steel Wire Gauge and the British Standard Wire Gauge. It is commonly referred to simply as gauge (abbreviated as G ), [ 3 ] but this should not be confused with the French gauge , a separate system used for measuring the outer ...

  8. Ammonia solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_solution

    In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following equilibrium: . NH 3 + H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + OH −.. In a 1 M ammonia solution, about 0.42% of the ammonia is converted to ammonium, equivalent to pH = 11.63 because [NH +

  9. Binomial distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution

    The notation in the formula below differs from the previous formulas in two respects: [26] Firstly, z x has a slightly different interpretation in the formula below: it has its ordinary meaning of 'the x th quantile of the standard normal distribution', rather than being a shorthand for 'the (1 − x) th quantile'.