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Korsakoff syndrome (KS) [1] is a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by amnesia, deficits in explicit memory, and confabulation.This neurological disorder is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B 1) in the brain, and it is typically associated with and exacerbated by the prolonged, excessive ingestion of alcohol. [2]
Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B 1). [1] A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. [1] [7] The name beriberi was possibly borrowed in the 18th century from the Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”), owing to the weakness caused by the condition.
The enzymes that are dependent on thiamine pyrophosphate are associated with the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), and catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and branched chain amino acids. Thus, anything that encourages glucose metabolism will exacerbate an existing clinical or sub-clinical thiamine deficiency. [15]
Thiamine deficiency and errors of thiamine metabolism are believed to be the primary cause of Wernicke encephalopathy. Thiamine, also called B 1, helps to break down glucose. Specifically, it acts as an essential coenzyme to the TCA cycle and the pentose phosphate shunt. Thiamine is first metabolised to its more active form, thiamine ...
Well-known disorders caused by thiamine deficiency include beriberi, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, optic neuropathy, Leigh's disease, African seasonal ataxia (or Nigerian seasonal ataxia), and central pontine myelinolysis. [5] [16] Symptoms include malaise, weight loss, irritability and confusion. [5] [13] [17] [18]
Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine deficiency) was reported to cause seizures, especially in alcoholics. [5] [6] [7] Vitamin B6 depletion (pyridoxine deficiency) was reported to be associated with pyridoxine-dependent seizures. [8] Vitamin B12 deficiency was reported to be the cause of seizures for adults [9] [10] and for infants. [11] [12]
Grateful Life holds these trials, what the staff calls “Community,” several times per week. Each session can last as long as two hours. For all but the newly admitted, attendance is mandatory. On this day, the men took seats along a wall in mismatched chairs. The room was painted a dull hue — what one staffer called “anxiety-inducing ...
Thiamine deficiency, in particular, is common in people with alcohol use disorder and can lead to a condition known as beriberi, which can damage the heart muscle. [4] Furthermore, chronic alcohol consumption can also lead to other cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and obesity, which can ...