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2. Plumbing fixture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing_fixture

   The visible water surface in a toilet is the top of the trap's water seal. Each fixture drain, with exceptions, must be vented so that negative air pressure in the drain cannot siphon the trap dry, to prevent positive air pressure in the sewer from forcing gases past the water seal, and to prevent explosive sewer gas buildup.

3. Air gap (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_gap_(plumbing)

   A common use of the term "air gap" in domestic plumbing refers to a specialized fixture that provides backflow prevention for an installed dishwasher. This "air gap" is visible above the sink as a small cylindrical fixture mounted near the faucet. In the base cabinet under the sink, the drain hose from the dishwasher feeds the "top" of the air ...

4. Drain-waste-vent system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system

   A drain-waste-vent system (or DWV) is the combination of pipes and plumbing fittings that captures sewage and greywater within a structure and routes it toward a water treatment system. It includes venting to the exterior environment to prevent a vacuum from forming and impeding fixtures such as sinks, showers, and toilets from draining freely ...

5. Tap (valve) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_(valve)

   Also, the tortuous S-shaped path the water is forced to follow offers a significant obstruction to the flow. For high pressure domestic water systems this does not matter, but for low pressure systems where flow rate is important, such as a shower fed by a storage tank, a "stop tap" or, in engineering terms, a "gate valve" is preferred.

6. Piping and plumbing fitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting

   Copper fittings for soldered joints. Pipe fittings: 1) Copper (solder); 2) Iron or brass (threaded); 3) Brass (compression); 4) Brass (compression to solder); 5) Brass adapters. PVC fittings. A fitting or adapter is used in pipe systems to connect sections of pipe (designated by nominal size, with greater tolerances of variance) or tube ...

7. Plumbing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing

   The inner tube is actually transporting the water, while the outer tube only serves as a protective casing. The difference between pipes and tubes is a matter of sizing. For instance, PVC pipe for plumbing applications and galvanized steel pipe are measured in iron pipe size (IPS).