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Trimethylglycine is also used as the hydrochloride salt (marketed as betaine hydrochloride or betaine HCl). Betaine hydrochloride was sold over-the-counter (OTC) as a purported gastric aid in the United States. US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Section 310.540, which became effective in November 1993, banned the marketing of betaine ...
It is a betaine complex of trimethylglycine with chloral hydrate, which acts as an extended-acting formulation of chloral hydrate which is then metabolized into trichloroethanol, which is responsible for most or all of its effects. [3] [4] [6]
Cocamidopropyl betaine is an example of a betaine. A betaine (/ ˈ b iː t ə. iː n, b ɪ ˈ t eɪ-,-ɪ n /) in chemistry is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group that bears no hydrogen atom, such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions), and with a negatively charged functional group, such as a carboxylate group that ...
It can be taken by mouth, injected into a vein, used topically as a skin cream, or as eye drops. [7] [8] [6] It differs from the similarly named prednisone in having a hydroxyl at the 11th carbon instead of a ketone. Common side effects with short-term use include nausea, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, increased appetite, and fatigue. [5]
The most common side effect is eye irritation felt as stinging or burning, which occurs in up to a third of patients. Blepharoconjunctivitis occurs in up to 5% of patients. Rarer adverse effects include keratitis, edema and increased lacrimation. [3] [4] Allergies are rare, but seem to be more common than under the related drug timolol. [2]
Common side effects include blurred vision, dry mouth, sleepiness, constipation, and confusion. [2] It should not be used in people with a bowel obstruction or glaucoma. [2] It is unclear if use in pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [4] Biperiden is in the anticholinergic family of medication. [2]
Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a mixture of closely related organic compounds derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. [2] CAPB is available as a viscous pale yellow solution and it is used as a surfactant in personal care products and animal husbandry .
Common side effects include headache, constipation, sleepiness, and dizziness. [10] [11] Severe side effects may include blood clots, psychosis, and heart failure. [11] It is believed to work by acting on NMDA receptors, working as a pore blocker of these ion channels. [8] [10] Memantine was first discovered in 1963.