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Acarbose is an oligosaccharide, whereas miglitol resembles a monosaccharide. Miglitol is fairly well absorbed by the body, as opposed to acarbose. Moreover, acarbose inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase in addition to alpha-glucosidase, and is degraded by gut bacterial maltogenic alpha-amylase and cyclomaltodextrinase. [4] [5]
Acarbose degradation is the unique feature of glycoside hydrolases in gut microbiota, acarbose degrading glucosidase, which hydrolyze acarbose into an acarviosine-glucose and glucose. [17] Human enzymes do transform acarbose: the pancreatic alpha-amylase is able to perform a rearrangement reaction , moving the glucose unit in the "tail" maltose ...
D-xylose absorption test is a medical test performed to diagnose conditions that present with malabsorption of the proximal small intestine [1] due to defects in the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa. [2] D-xylose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar, that does not require enzymes for digestion prior to absorption. Its absorption ...
Miglitol is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by reversibly inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine, which delays the digestion of complex carbohydrates and subsequently reduces postprandial glucose levels. [ 1 ]
The glucose tolerance test was first described in 1923 by Jerome W. Conn. [4]The test was based on the previous work in 1913 by A. T. B. Jacobson in determining that carbohydrate ingestion results in blood glucose fluctuations, [5] and the premise (named the Staub-Traugott Phenomenon after its first observers H. Staub in 1921 and K. Traugott in 1922) that a normal patient fed glucose will ...
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, miglitol, voglibose) Inhibit carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine by inhibiting enzymes that break down polysaccharides Slightly lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to sulfonylureas; Associated with modest weight loss; Decreases triglycerides; No detrimental effect on cholesterol
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors delay glucose absorption at the intestine level and thereby prevent sudden surge of glucose after a meal. [ 2 ] There are three major drugs which belong to this class, acarbose , miglitol and voglibose, [ 2 ] of which voglibose is the newest.
A hydrogen breath test (or HBT) is used as a diagnostic tool for small intestine bacterial overgrowth and carbohydrate malabsorption, such as lactose, fructose, and sorbitol malabsorption. [1] [2] The test is simple, non-invasive, and is performed after a short period of fasting (typically 8–12 hours). [3]