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Thorium reacts with hydrogen to form the thorium hydrides ThH 2 and Th 4 H 15, the latter of which is superconducting below the transition temperature of 7.5–8 K; at standard temperature and pressure, it conducts electricity like a metal. [12] Thorium is the only metallic element that readily forms a hydride higher than MH 3. [31]
Despite thorium's position in the f-block of the periodic table, it has an anomalous [Rn]6d 2 7s 2 electron configuration in the ground state, as the 5f and 6d subshells in the early actinides are very close in energy, even more so than the 4f and 5d subshells of the lanthanides: thorium's 6d subshells are lower in energy than its 5f subshells ...
For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3 .
6s 2 4f 0 5d 1 Actinium: 89 7s 2 5f 0 6d 1 Cerium: 58 6s 2 4f 1 5d 1 Thorium: 90 7s 2 5f 0 6d 2 Praseodymium: 59 6s 2 4f 3 5d 0 Protactinium: 91 7s 2 5f 2 6d 1 Neodymium: 60 6s 2 4f 4 5d 0 Uranium: 92 7s 2 5f 3 6d 1 Promethium: 61 6s 2 4f 5 5d 0 Neptunium: 93 7s 2 5f 4 6d 1 Samarium: 62 6s 2 4f 6 5d 0 Plutonium: 94 7s 2 5f 6 6d 0 Europium: 63 ...
For example, the first (K) shell has one subshell, called 1s; the second (L) shell has two subshells, called 2s and 2p; the third shell has 3s, 3p, and 3d; the fourth shell has 4s, 4p, 4d and 4f; the fifth shell has 5s, 5p, 5d, and 5f and can theoretically hold more in the 5g subshell that is not occupied in the ground-state electron ...
In today's puzzle, there are six theme words to find (including the spangram). Hint: The first one can be found in the top-half of the board. Here are the first two letters for each word: ZO. CO ...
Grayed out electron numbers indicate subshells filled to their maximum. Bracketed noble gas symbols on the left represent inner configurations that are the same in each period. Written out, these are: He, 2, helium : 1s 2 Ne, 10, neon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 Ar, 18, argon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 Kr, 36, krypton : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 ...
A new Clean Label Project report suggests some protein powders contain heavy metals lead and cadmium. See which ones are safe here, plus what an expert advises.