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The most common first trimester antihypertensive are β-blockers. The consequences of treatment with β-blocker during pregnancy are disputable. Some studies report a connection between β-blocker treatment and small for-gestational-age (SGA) of newborns and pre-term birth, while others do not. [34] Based on meta-analyses, first trimester oral ...
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
Labetalol is effective in the management of hypertensive emergencies, postoperative hypertension, pheochromocytoma-associated hypertension, and rebound hypertension from beta blocker withdrawal. [10] It has a particular indication in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension which is commonly associated with pre-eclampsia. [11]
Betaxolol is most commonly ingested orally alone or with other medications for the management of essential hypertension. [4] It is a cardioselective beta blocker, targeting beta-1 adrenergic receptors found in the cardiac muscle. Blood pressure is decreased by the mechanism of blood vessels relaxing and improving the flow of blood. [5] [6]
In particular, beta-blockers are no longer recommended as first-line treatment due to relative adverse risk of stroke and new-onset of type 2 diabetes when compared to other medications, [3] while certain specific beta-blockers such as atenolol appear to be less useful in overall treatment of hypertension than several other agents. [36]
It is a beta blocker, specifically a selective β 1 receptor blocker, and is taken by mouth or is given intravenously. [4] Common side effects include trouble sleeping, feeling tired, feeling faint, and abdominal discomfort. [4] Large doses may cause serious toxicity. [5] [6] Risk in pregnancy has not been ruled out.
Nebivolol is a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. [5] As with other β-blockers, it is generally a less preferred treatment for high blood pressure. [6] It may be used by itself or with other blood pressure medication. [6] It is taken by mouth. [6] Common side effects include dizziness, feeling tired, nausea, and ...
For the treatment of primary hypertension (high blood pressure), meta-analyses of studies which mostly used atenolol have shown that although beta blockers are more effective than placebo in preventing stroke and total cardiovascular events, they are not as effective as diuretics, medications inhibiting the renin–angiotensin system (e.g., ACE ...