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The development of agriculture is a fundamental process in human history. It led to strong demographic growth and was accompanied by numerous material (notably the appearance of ceramics) and mental changes. Although the Near East was not the only focus of domestication worldwide, it was probably the earliest and most influential.
1913 – The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, made it possible to produce ammonia, and thereby fertilize, on an industrial scale. 1960 – First use with aerial photos in Earth sciences and agriculture. 1988 - First use of the Global Positioning System in agricultural applications, precision farming emerges. [4]
This migration event also saw the introduction of cultivated and domesticated food plants from Taiwan, Maritime Southeast Asia, and New Guinea into the Pacific Islands as canoe plants. Contact with Sri Lanka and Southern India by Austronesian sailors also led to an exchange of food plants which later became the origin of the valuable spice trade.
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. [1] Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in the cities.
Around 4000 BCE the climate of the Sahara and the Sahel started to become drier at an exceedingly fast pace. This climate change caused lakes and rivers to shrink significantly and caused increasing desertification, potentially reducing the wild food supply and spurring people to domesticate plant crops. [2]
Cassava is a tuberous edible plant that was likely first cultivated by the Maya people in Yucatán in present-day Mexico. The plant is the source of flour, bread, tapioca, and an alcoholic beverage.
A majority of food waste food is avoidable, with the rest being divided almost equally into foods which are unavoidable [clarification needed] (e.g. tea bags) and those that are unavoidable due to preference [clarification needed] (e.g. bread crusts) or cooking type (e.g. potato skins).
Agricultural waste, on the other hand, is a secondary raw material. They are residual (waste) streams from an existing industry that can serve as raw materials for new applications. Increasingly reusing materials as raw materials for the production process contributes to the EU goal of achieving a circular economy by 2050. [31]