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A 3D model of ethyne , the simplest alkyne. In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. [1] The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula C n H 2n−2.
2-Butyne (dimethylacetylene, crotonylene or but-2-yne) is an alkyne with chemical formula CH 3 C≡CCH 3.Produced artificially, it is a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid at standard temperature and pressure.
With aqueous pK a values of around 16–19, alcohols are, in general, slightly weaker acids than water. With strong bases such as sodium hydride or sodium they form salts [a] called alkoxides, with the general formula RO − M + (where R is an alkyl and M is a metal). R−OH + NaH → R−O − Na + + H 2 2 R−OH + 2 Na → 2 R−O − Na + + H 2
In chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with water. In organic chemistry, water is added to an unsaturated substrate, which is usually an alkene or an alkyne. This type of reaction is employed industrially to produce ethanol, isopropanol, and butan-2-ol. [1]
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C 2 H 2 and structure H−C≡C−H. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. [8] This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. [9]
Usually two equivalents of sodium amide yields the desired alkyne. Three equivalents are necessary in the preparation of a terminal alkynes because the terminal CH of the resulting alkyne protonates an equivalent amount of base. Hydrogen chloride and ethanol can also be eliminated in this way, [11] as in the preparation of 1-ethoxy-1-butyne. [12]
Cycloalkynes have a general formula C n H 2n−4. Because of the linear nature of the C−C≡C−C alkyne unit, cycloalkynes can be highly strained and can only exist when the number of carbon atoms in the ring is great enough to provide the flexibility necessary to accommodate this geometry .
1-Pentyne is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C≡CH. It is a terminal alkyne , in fact the smallest that is liquid at room temperature. The compound is a common terminal alkyne substrate in diverse studies of catalysis.