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The Simple-As-Possible (SAP) computer is a simplified computer architecture designed for educational purposes and described in the book Digital Computer Electronics by Albert Paul Malvino and Jerald A. Brown. [1] The SAP architecture serves as an example in Digital Computer Electronics for building and analyzing complex logical systems with ...
The TopSky (formerly EUROCAT) [1] system is a computerised air traffic control and management solution [buzzword] developed by Thales Air Systems (formerly Thomson CSF). [2] It utilises a distributed computing architecture and is capable of integrating geographically dispersed air traffic control units within a Flight Information Region (e.g. control towers at different airports and en route ...
In United States and Canadian aviation, the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) [1] (formerly the Airman's Information Manual) is the respective nation's official guide to basic flight information and air traffic control procedures. These manuals contains the fundamentals required in order to fly legally in the country of origin.
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming, originally Allgemeiner Berichts-Aufbereitungs-Prozessor, German for "general report preparation processor" [2]) is a high-level programming language created by the German software company SAP SE.
An ATC ground station consists of two radar systems and their associated support components. The most prominent component is the PSR. It is also referred to as skin paint radar because it shows not synthetic or alpha-numeric target symbols, but bright (or colored) blips or areas on the radar screen produced by the RF energy reflections from the target's "skin."
Aerodrome or Tower controllers control aircraft within the immediate vicinity of the airport and use visual observation from the airport tower. The tower's airspace is often a 5-nautical-mile (9.3 km) radius around the airport, but can vary greatly in size and shape depending on traffic configuration and volume. [22]
In controlled airspace, air traffic control (ATC) separates IFR aircraft from obstacles and other aircraft using a flight clearance based on route, time, distance, speed, and altitude. ATC monitors IFR flights on radar, or through aircraft position reports in areas where radar coverage is not available. Aircraft position reports are sent as ...
[1] The University of California, Berkeley was an early base for computer-based seismic analysis of structures, led by Professor Ray Clough (who coined the term finite element . [ 2 ] Students included Ed Wilson , who went on to write the program SAP in 1970, an early " finite element analysis " program.