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  2. Great-circle navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_navigation

    Great Circle Map Interactive tool for plotting great circle routes on a sphere. Great Circle Mapper Interactive tool for plotting great circle routes. Great Circle Calculator deriving (initial) course and distance between two points. Great Circle Distance Graphical tool for drawing great circles over maps. Also shows distance and azimuth in a ...

  3. Mercator projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_projection

    On the other hand, the geodesic between these points is a great circle arc through the pole subtending an angle of 60° at the center: the length of this arc is one sixth of the great circle circumference, about 6,672 km. The difference is 3,338 km so the ruler distance measured from the map is quite misleading even after correcting for the ...

  4. Mercator 1569 world map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_1569_world_map

    A more complete illustrated list of world maps of that time may be compiled from the comprehensive survey of Shirley. Comparisons with his own map show how freely he borrowed from these maps and from his own 1538 world map [34] and his 1541 globe. [citation needed] A 1550 portolan of the eastern Mediterranean showing the high quality of coastal ...

  5. Early world maps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_world_maps

    The De Virga world map was made by Albertinus de Virga between 1411 and 1415. Albertin de Virga, a Venetian, is also known for a 1409 map of the Mediterranean, also made in Venice. The world map is circular, drawn on a piece of parchment 69.6 cm × 44 cm (27.4 in × 17.3 in). It consists of the map itself, about 44 cm (17 in) in diameter, and ...

  6. Flight length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_length

    The shortest distance between two geographical points is the great-circle distance. In the example (right), the aircraft travelling westward from North America to Japan is following a great-circle route extending northward towards the Arctic region. The apparent curve of the route is a result of distortion when plotted onto a conventional map ...

  7. Great Trigonometrical Survey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Trigonometrical_Survey

    The distance from coast to coast was 360 miles (580 km) and this survey line was completed in 1806. [7] The East India Company thought that this project would take about five years, but it took nearly 70 years, well past the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the end of company rule in India.

  8. Great-circle distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance

    A diagram illustrating great-circle distance (drawn in red) between two points on a sphere, P and Q. Two antipodal points, u and v are also shown. The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path ...

  9. Circumnavigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumnavigation

    The map on the right shows, in red, a typical, non-competitive, route for a sailing circumnavigation of the world by the trade winds and the Suez and Panama canals; overlaid in yellow are the points antipodal to all points on the route. It can be seen that the route roughly approximates a great circle, and passes through two pairs of antipodal ...