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The discipline of anatomy can be subdivided into a number of branches, including gross or macroscopic anatomy and microscopic anatomy. [10] Gross anatomy is the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye, and also includes superficial anatomy or surface anatomy, the study by sight of the external body features.
In humans and other mammals, the anatomy of a typical respiratory system is the respiratory tract.The tract is divided into an upper and a lower respiratory tract.The upper tract includes the nose, nasal cavities, sinuses, pharynx and the part of the larynx above the vocal folds.
There are 11 distinct organ systems in human beings, [2] which form the basis of human anatomy and physiology. The 11 organ systems: the respiratory system, digestive and excretory system, circulatory system, urinary system, integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, endocrine system, lymphatic system, nervous system, and ...
Physiology (/ ˌ f ɪ z i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i /; from Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis) 'nature, origin' and -λογία () 'study of') [1] is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.
Anatomy is a "branch of morphology that deals with the structure of organisms". [8] Molecular morphology is a rarely used term, usually referring to the superstructure of polymers such as fiber formation [9] or to larger composite assemblies. The term is commonly not applied to the spatial structure of individual molecules.
Cell physiology – Study of cell activity; Comparative anatomy – Study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species; Comparative physiology – Study of the diversity of functional characteristics of organisms. Development of the human body – Process of human growth to maturity; Glossary of medicine
Surface projections of the major organs of the trunk, using the vertebral column and rib cage as main reference points of surface anatomy. Surface anatomy (also called superficial anatomy and visual anatomy) is the study of the external features of the body of an animal. [1] In birds, this is termed topography.
In 1316, Mondino de Luzzi's Anathomia began the modern study of brain anatomy. [231] Niccolò Massa discovered in 1536 that the ventricles were filled with fluid. [232] Archangelo Piccolomini of Rome was the first to distinguish between the cerebrum and cerebral cortex. [233] In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published his seven-volume De humani ...