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This is different from tables on webpages outside Wikipedia. Overall table widths (as opposed to max-widths) do not narrow on most pages outside Wikipedia. See max-width outside Wikipedia: CSS Height, Width and Max-width. Experiment with em and other width settings on another page outside Wikipedia: HTML Table Sizes.
Note: Wikipedia:HTML 5#Table attributes. CSS to replace obsolete attributes for borders, padding, spacing, etc. Add a border around a table using the CSS property border: thickness style color;, for example border:3px dashed red. This example uses a solid (non-dashed) gray border that is one pixel wide:
In general, styles for tables and other block-level elements should be set using CSS classes, not with inline style attributes. This is because the site-wide CSS is more carefully tested to ensure compatibility with a wide range of browsers; it also creates a greater degree of professionalism by ensuring a consistent appearance between articles.
Also, if the table has cell spacing (and thus border-collapse=separate), meaning that cells have separate borders with a gap in between, that gap will still be visible. A cruder way to align columns of numbers is to use a figure space   or  , which is intended to be the width of a numeral, though is font-dependent in practice:
For example, nested tables (tables inside tables) should be separated into distinct tables when possible. Here is a more advanced example, showing some more options available for making up tables. Users can play with these settings in their own table to see what effect they have.
The wikitable class applies specific CSS styles to tables. Rules for class ... Mobile [c] Table margin: 1em 0 background-color: #f9f9f9: white: transparent border ...
The pipe syntax, developed by Magnus Manske, substitutes pipes ( | ) and other symbols for HTML. There is an online script, which converts HTML tables to pipe-syntax tables. The pipes must start at the beginning of a new line, except when separating parameters from content or when using || to separate cells on a single line. The parameters are ...
inner or innercollapse: Uses the mw-collapsible innercollapse classes to make the table collapsible, but only collapse if the table is within a larger table with the outercollapse class. outer or outercollapse: Uses the outercollapse class to collapse any smaller tables within the table it that use the innercollapse class. Can be combined with ...