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The Tigray war [b] was an armed conflict that lasted from 3 November 2020 [a] to 3 November 2022. [44] [45] It was a civil war [46] that was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between forces allied to the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) on the other.
A conflict between the goals of centralised versus federalised political power between the federal Ethiopian government headed by prime minister Abiy Ahmed and the former dominating party of Ethiopia, the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), that retained power in the Tigray Region, emerged in 2019 and 2020. [1]
The siege of Tigray was part of the war in Tigray, the government-led siege on its people in northern Ethiopia's Tigray Region.. After Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) retook most parts of Tigray including the city of Mekelle on 28 June 2021, after eight months since the outbreak of the Tigray war in November 2020, the government of Ethiopia began to siege all parts of Tigray under control of TDF.
The TDF–OLA joint offensive was a rebel offensive in the Tigray War and the OLA insurgency starting in late October 2021 launched by a joint rebel coalition of the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) and Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) against the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF) and government.
The Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement, also called the Pretoria Agreement [A] or the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA), is a peace treaty between the government of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) that was signed 2 November 2022, wherein both parties agreed to a "permanent cessation of hostilities" to end the Tigray war.
U.N.-backed human rights experts say war crimes continue in Ethiopia despite a peace deal signed nearly a year ago to end a devastating conflict that has also engulfed the country's Tigray region.
Fiyelwiha battle.A large group of Amhara militia from Wereta and the surrounding Fogera district had been occupying the Dima district in Tigray. On 10 July, they were defeated by the Tigray Defence Forces (TDF); several Wereta militiamen, including the head of the Peace and Security Bureau of the Fogera woreda were killed on the battlefield in Fiyelwiha, a small town of the Dima district.
Between 14–18 October 2022, Ethiopian troops aided by Eritrean forces launched an offensive into Shire, in the separatist Tigray region.While Shire had been at the forefront of the conflict since 2020, the October 2022 offensive towards the town solidified Ethiopian and Eritrean control over it, and was the last major battle before peace negotiations began that November.