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ln(r) is the standard natural logarithm of the real number r. Arg(z) is the principal value of the arg function; its value is restricted to (−π, π]. It can be computed using Arg(x + iy) = atan2(y, x). Log(z) is the principal value of the complex logarithm function and has imaginary part in the range (−π, π].
The brightness of the color is used to show the modulus of the complex logarithm. The real part of log(z) is the natural logarithm of | z |. Its graph is thus obtained by rotating the graph of ln(x) around the z-axis. In mathematics, a complex logarithm is a generalization of the natural logarithm to nonzero complex numbers. The term refers to ...
Because log(x) is the sum of the terms of the form log(1 + 2 −k) corresponding to those k for which the factor 1 + 2 −k was included in the product P, log(x) may be computed by simple addition, using a table of log(1 + 2 −k) for all k. Any base may be used for the logarithm table. [53]
The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant e, which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to 2.718 281 828 459. [1] The natural logarithm of x is generally written as ln x, log e x, or sometimes, if the base e is implicit, simply log x.
The product logarithm Lambert W function plotted in the complex plane from −2 − 2i to 2 + 2i The graph of y = W(x) for real x < 6 and y > −4.The upper branch (blue) with y ≥ −1 is the graph of the function W 0 (principal branch), the lower branch (magenta) with y ≤ −1 is the graph of the function W −1.
The ratio for x / log x converges from above very slowly, while the ratio for Li(x) converges more quickly from below. In the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, the π(x) column is sequence OEIS: A006880, π(x) − x / log x is sequence OEIS: A057835, and li(x) − π(x) is sequence OEIS: A057752.
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The p-forms with log poles along D form a subsheaf of the meromorphic p-forms on X, denoted Ω X p ( log D ) . {\displaystyle \Omega _{X}^{p}(\log D).} The name comes from the fact that in complex analysis , d ( log z ) = d z / z {\displaystyle d(\log z)=dz/z} ; here d z / z {\displaystyle dz/z} is a typical example of a 1-form on the ...