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The Pythagoras tree is a plane fractal constructed from squares. Invented by the Dutch mathematics teacher Albert E. Bosman in 1942, [ 1 ] it is named after the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras because each triple of touching squares encloses a right triangle , in a configuration traditionally used to depict the Pythagorean theorem .
The version given here is that proven by Nash-Williams; Kruskal's formulation is somewhat stronger. All trees we consider are finite. Given a tree T with a root, and given vertices v, w, call w a successor of v if the unique path from the root to w contains v, and call w an immediate successor of v if additionally the path from v to w contains no other vertex.
To find the primitive Pythagorean triple associated with any such value t, compute (1 − t 2, 2t, 1 + t 2) and multiply all three values by the least common multiple of their denominators. (Alternatively, write t = n / m as a fraction in lowest terms and use the formulas from the previous section.)
1.5850: 3-branches tree: Each branch carries 3 branches (here 90° and 60°). The fractal dimension of the entire tree is the fractal dimension of the terminal branches. NB: the 2-branches tree has a fractal dimension of only 1. 1.5850: Sierpinski triangle: Also the limiting shape of Pascal's triangle modulo 2.
Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two, e.g. 1 / 8 = 1 / 2 3 . In Unicode, precomposed fraction characters are in the Number Forms block.
Even and odd numbers: An integer is even if it is a multiple of 2, and is odd otherwise. Prime number: A positive integer with exactly two positive divisors: itself and 1. The primes form an infinite sequence 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ...
Notation for the (principal) square root of x. For example, √ 25 = 5, since 25 = 5 ⋅ 5, or 5 2 (5 squared). In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that =; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or ) is x. [1]
The Stern–Brocot tree forms an infinite binary search tree with respect to the usual ordering of the rational numbers. [1] [2] The set of rational numbers descending from a node q is defined by the open interval (L q, H q) where L q is the ancestor of q that is smaller than q and closest to it in the tree (or L q = 0 if q has no smaller ...