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Echidnophaga gallinacea are known to have one of the shortest lifespans of fleas. [10] The attachment of Echidnophaga gallinacea can cause widespread issues to the host, especially if there is a high concentration of Echidnophaga gallinacea attached to a single host. [7] [11] The most common problem are ulcerations of the skin and dermatitis.
By stage 2 (days 1–2), penetration is complete and the flea has burrowed most of its body into the skin. Only the anus, the copulatory organs, and four rear air holes in fleas called stigmata remain on the outside of the epidermis. The anus will excrete feces that is thought to attract male fleas for mating, described in a later section.
Some families of fleas are exclusive to a single host group; for example, the Malacopsyllidae are found only on armadillos, the Ischnopsyllidae only on bats, and the Chimaeropsyllidae only on elephant shrews. The oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, is a vector of Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes bubonic plague.
The most infamous flea-to-human transmitted disease is the bubonic plague, which was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
As the disease is self-limiting, at least when exposure to the parasite is limited, management is mostly confined to treatment. Due to the secondary infection that can cause serious medical issues, the recommended course of action upon diagnosis is a surgical extraction of the fleas followed by the application of a topical antibiotic.
Some people think there are insects called sand fleas that bite you. But some experts say the creature that bites you and the sand flea are likely entirely different beasts.
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