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The major contributing factors in the famine were the policies of the Great Leap Forward (1958 to 1962) and people's communes, launched by Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong, such as inefficient distribution of food within the nation's planned economy; requiring the use of poor agricultural techniques; the Four Pests campaign ...
The number of famine deaths during the Great Leap Forward has been estimated with different methods. Banister, Coale, and Ashton et al. compare age cohorts from the 1953, 1964, and 1982 censuses, yearly birth and death records, and results of the 1982 1:1000 fertility survey.
The resulting agricultural failures, compounded by misguided policies of the Great Leap Forward, triggered a severe famine from 1958 to 1962. The death toll from starvation during this period reached 20 to 30 million people, [ 16 ] underscoring the high human cost of the ecological mismanagement inherent in the "Four Pests" campaign.
Great Famine killed more than 1,000,000 out of over 8.5 million people inhabiting Ireland. Between 1.5–2 million people were forced to emigrate [86] Ireland: 600,000 to over 1,500,000 that emigrated 1846: Famine led to the peasant revolt known as "Maria da Fonte" in the north of Portugal [87] Portugal: 1846–1848
From 1960 to 1961, the combination of poor planning during the Great Leap Forward, political movements incited by the government, as well as unusual weather patterns and natural disasters resulted in widespread famine and many deaths. A significant number of the deaths were not from famine but were killed or overworked by the authorities.
In certain cases, such as the Great Leap Forward in China (which produced the largest famine in absolute numbers), North Korea in the mid-1990s, or Zimbabwe in the early-2000s, famine can occur because of government policy. The government's forced collectivization of agriculture was one of the main causes of the Soviet famine of 1932–1933.
Northern Chinese Famine of 1901 1901 Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia The drought from 1898-1901 led to a fear of famine, which was a leading cause of Boxer Rebellion. The famine eventually came in Spring 1901. [15] 0.2 million in Shanxi, the worst hit province. Chinese famine of 1906–1907: 1906-07 northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu 20 to 25 ...
The Great Chinese Famine caused another wave in 1962. [1] The New York Times reported that 140,000 Chinese entered Hong Kong in 1962, with 80,000 illegally entering in a single month. [ 10 ] The large number, increased by temporarily relaxed PRC border controls, caused a diplomatic crisis.