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Basalt columns seen on Porto Santo Island, Portugal. Columnar jointing of volcanic rocks exists in many places on Earth. Perhaps the most famous basalt lava flow in the world is the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, in which the vertical joints form polygonal columns and give the impression of having been artificially constructed.
View of Semeru and Bromo eruption with Mount Batok in East Java. The Indonesian island of Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin, and contains numerous volcanoes, 45 of which are considered active volcanoes. As is the case for many other Indonesian islands, volcanoes have played a vital role in the geological and human history of Java.
Ijen is the largest blue flame area in the world. Local people refer to it as Api Biru (Blue Fire). [ 11 ] The other location at which blue fire can be seen is in Dallol Mountain, Ethiopia .
Lava domes are common features on volcanoes around the world. Lava domes are known to exist on plate margins as well as in intra-arc hotspots, and on heights above 6000 m and in the sea floor. [1] Individual lava domes and volcanoes featuring lava domes are listed below.
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Location Year Eruption Source(s) 71,000 to 250,100+ Mount Tambora: 7 Indonesia: 1815 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, Year Without a Summer: 36,000+ Krakatoa: 6 Indonesia: 1883 1883 eruption of Krakatoa: 30,000 Mount Pelée: 4 Martinique: 1902 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée: 23,000 Nevado del Ruiz: 3 Colombia: 1985 Armero tragedy: 20,000 ...
An estimated 14 km 3 (3.4 cu mi) of basaltic lava was poured out during the eruption (VEI 4). The Ontong Java Plateau has an area of about 2,000,000 km 2 (770,000 sq mi), and the province was at least 50% larger before the Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateaus broke away.
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