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Gum tragacanth is also used in incense-making as a binder to hold all the powdered herbs together. Its water solubility is ideal for ease of working and an even spread, and it is one of the stronger gums for holding particles in suspension. Only half as much is needed, compared to gum arabic or something similar. [8] [9]
In pre-modern medicine, the name diatragacanth was applied to certain powders that contain the natural gum tragacanth as its basis. There are two kinds: cold and hot. Powder of cold diatragacanth is composed of the gums tragacanth and Arabic, liquorice, starch, white poppy seed, and the four great cold seeds (cucumber, gourd, watermelon, and melon).
Astragalus gummifer (tragacanth, gum tragacanth milkvetch), is a small woody evergreen shrub, with a typical height and spread of 30 cm at maturity, indigenous to western Asia, specifically Iran, Iraq and Turkey. This nitrogen fixing plant bears hermaphroditic flowers, which are bee-pollinated.
Humans have used natural gums for various purposes, including chewing and the manufacturing of a wide range of products – such as varnish and lacquerware.Before the invention of synthetic equivalents, trade in gum formed part of the economy in places such as the Arabian peninsula (whence the name "gum arabic"), West Africa, [3] East Africa and northern New Zealand ().
Acacia gum, pieces and powder Acacia senegal, pictured in the medicinal handbook Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887) by Franz Eugen Köhler. Gum arabic (gum acacia, gum sudani, Senegal gum and by other names [a]) (Arabic: صمغ عربي) is a tree gum exuded by two species of Acacia sensu lato, Senegalia senegal [2] and Vachellia seyal.
Gum karaya or gum sterculia, also known as Indian gum tragacanth, is a vegetable gum produced as an exudate by trees of the genus Sterculia. Chemically, gum karaya is an acid polysaccharide composed of the sugars galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid. It is used as a thickener and emulsifier in foods, as a laxative, and as a denture adhesive.
Astragalus brachycalyx, the Persian manna or manna, whose name is derived from the Greek ‘brachy’ meaning short, and ‘calyx’ referring to the sepal of the flower, is a species of legume commonly found on rocky mountain slopes in western Asia, from western Iran and northern Iraq to Turkey, and is commonly used as a source of gum tragacanth.
Dry pastels have historically used binders such as gum arabic and gum tragacanth. Methyl cellulose was introduced as a binder in the 20th century. Often a chalk or gypsum component is present. They are available in varying degrees of hardness, the softer varieties being wrapped in paper.
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