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There is a substantial amount of empirical research on negative affect (NA) and its role in the tripartite model. For example, the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ) [ 10 ] was administered to a sample of college students and a sample of psychiatric patients.
The largest limitation of evolutionary explanations of depression, which include rank theory, is the lack of falsifiability. [9] While these theories provide "reasonably parsimonious" explanations, [10] they are not grounded in empirical research, which severely affects their real-world application.
One reason depression is thought to be a pathology is that it causes so much psychic pain and distress. However, physical pain is also very distressful, yet it has an evolved function: to inform the organism that it is being damaged, to motivate it to withdraw from the source of damage, and to learn to avoid such damage-causing circumstances in the future.
The biology of depression is the attempt to identify a biochemical origin of depression, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD) . [ 1 ]
It is an official journal of the Anxiety and Depression Association of America and covers research on depressive and anxiety disorders. The editor-in-chief as of July 1, 2017 is Murray B. Stein ( University of California, San Diego ).
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Social predictors of depression are aspects of one's social environment that are related to an individual developing major depression.These risk factors include negative social life events, conflict, and low levels of social support, all of which have been found affect the likelihood of someone experiencing major depression, the length of the depression, or the severity of the symptoms.
Depressive realism is the hypothesis developed by Lauren Alloy and Lyn Yvonne Abramson [1] that depressed individuals make more realistic inferences than non-depressed individuals.