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Apixaban is a highly selective, orally bioavailable, and reversible direct inhibitor of free and clot-bound factor Xa. Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, the final enzyme in the coagulation cascade that is responsible for fibrin clot formation. [ 27 ]
Antistasin, the first discovered naturally occurring direct Xa inhibitor Rivaroxaban, the first synthetic direct Xa inhibitor marketed as a drug Prior to the introduction of direct factor Xa inhibitors, vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin were the only oral anticoagulants for over 60 years, and together with heparin have been the main blood ...
Andexanet alfa is used to stop life-threatening or uncontrollable bleeding in people who are taking rivaroxaban or apixaban. [8] Studies in healthy volunteers show that the molecule binds factor Xa inhibitors and counters their anti-Xa-activity. [11] The first published clinical trial was a prospective, open label, single group study. [12]
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Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) was the first approved FXa inhibitor to become commercially available in Europe and Canada in 2008. [1] The second one was apixaban (Eliquis), approved in Europe in 2011 [2] and in the United States in 2012. [3] The third one edoxaban (Lixiana, Savaysa) was approved in Japan in 2011 and in Europe and the US in 2015. [4]
Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that is first diagnosed during pregnancy and can accordingly cause high blood sugar that affects the woman and the baby. [9] In 10 - 20% of women whose diet and exercise are not adequate enough to control blood sugar, insulin injections may be required to lower blood sugar levels. [9]
An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. [1] Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes, which help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain blood.
The first generation thienopyridine P2Y 12 receptor blocker ticlopidine was withdrawn from clinical use following high incidence of side effects such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anaemia and neutropenia. [25]