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Stress is the process by which people perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that they find difficult or threatening. Stress is perceived as an interaction between a person and their environment.Stress can be observed in athletes under the influence of external and internal factors of the sport environment.
Neuroplasticity is the process by which neurons adapt to a disturbance over time, and most often occurs in response to repeated exposure to stimuli. [27] Aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors [note 1] (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF) which mediate improvements in cognitive functions and various forms of memory by promoting blood vessel formation in the brain, adult ...
Theories of a proposed stress–illness link suggest that both acute and chronic stress can cause illness, and studies have found such a link. [58] According to these theories, both kinds of stress can lead to changes in behavior and in physiology. Behavioral changes can involve smoking and eating habits and physical activity.
Physiological stress represents a wide range of physical responses that occur as a direct effect of a stressor causing an upset in the homeostasis of the body. Upon immediate disruption of either psychological or physical equilibrium the body responds by stimulating the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The reaction of these systems ...
A typical allostatic response has been initiated by a stressor and then continues for the duration of the stressor, in which it shuts off as the stressor has ended. Allostatic load is the accumulation of stressors and maladaptive responses that may result in an extreme state, where the stress response does not terminate. [26]
Exercise, an example of response modulation, can be used to down-regulate the physiological and experiential effects of negative emotions. [14] Regular physical activity has also been shown to reduce emotional distress and improve emotional control. [52] Exercise has been proven to increase emotional health and regulation through hormonal ...
Traumatic events or any type of shock to the body can cause an acute stress response disorder (ASD). The extent to which one experiences ASD depends on the extent of the shock. If the shock was pushed past a certain extreme after a particular period in time ASD can develop into what is commonly known as Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). [11]
Biotic stressors are living things related complications that causes stress, such as dominance, pollution, infection, social pressures, and competition. [10] [14] Animals can respond with physiological responses, [10] behavioural responses, psychological responses, [9] or physical responses (fight-or-flight). [2]