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Damage control surgery is surgical intervention to keep the patient alive rather than correct the anatomy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It addresses the "lethal triad" for critically ill patients with severe hemorrhage affecting homeostasis leading to metabolic acidosis , hypothermia , and increased coagulopathy .
A philosophy of damage control orthopaedics (DCO) was proposed in 2000, [2] aiming to prevent early death in a critically wounded patient via stabilization and not definitive fixation, often with the use of external fixation systems. EAC was developed by Heather Vallier while at MetroHealth in Cleveland. [3]
Damage control surgery is used to manage severe trauma in which there is a cycle of metabolic acidosis, hypothermia, and hypotension that may lead to death, if not corrected. [6] The main principle of the procedure involves performing the fewest procedures to save life and limb; less critical procedures are left until the victim is more stable. [6]
Commonly, when someone presents with these signs, damage control surgery is employed to reverse the effects. [citation needed] The three conditions share a complex relationship; each factor can compound the others, resulting in high mortality if this positive feedback loop continues uninterrupted. [citation needed]
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Here, the surgeons evaluate all the wounded and prioritize for surgery. Patients that require operative intervention are taken to the operating room for damage control surgery, which is focused on abbreviated surgical times, control of hemorrhage with ligation or shunting, and control of contamination without definitive repairs. Examples of ...
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