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Choroideremia (/ k ɒ ˌ r ɔɪ d ɪ ˈ r iː m i ə /; CHM) is a rare, X-linked recessive form of hereditary retinal degeneration that affects roughly 1 in 50,000 males. The disease causes a gradual loss of vision, starting with childhood night blindness, followed by peripheral vision loss and progressing to loss of central vision later in life.
The heterochromia can be very subtle, especially in patients with lighter colored irides. It is often most easily seen in daylight. The prevalence of heterochromia associated with Fuchs has been estimated in various studies [23] [24] [25] with results suggesting that there is more difficulty recognizing iris color changes in dark-eyed individuals.
Intraocular hemorrhage may be caused by physical trauma (direct injury to the eye); ocular surgery (such as to repair cataracts); or other diseases, injuries, or disorders (such as diabetes, hypertension, or shaken baby syndrome). [2] Severe bleeding may cause high pressure inside the eye, leading to blindness.
Facial trauma can involve soft tissue injuries such as burns, lacerations and bruises, or fractures of the facial bones such as nasal fractures and fractures of the jaw, as well as trauma such as eye injuries. Symptoms are specific to the type of injury; for example, fractures may involve pain, swelling, loss of function, or changes in the ...
Iridodialyses are usually caused by blunt trauma to the eye, [2] but may also be caused by penetrating eye injuries. [7] An iridodialysis may be an iatrogenic complication of any intraocular surgery [10] [11] [12] and at one time they were created intentionally as part of intracapsular cataract extraction. [13]
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
Other longterm effects of Le Fort fractures include various nerve injuries, either from the inciting injury or from surgical correction, resulting in facial movement and sensory deficits. [2] If one or both of the maxillary sinuses are injured during the trauma, it can result in chronic sinus infections or injuries to the eye which may require ...
Eye injury by impact of small plastic body. Based on the injury to the eyewall (outer fibrous coat of the eye consisting of cornea and sclera) Closed globe injury: the eye globe is intact, but the seven rings of the eye have been classically described as affected by blunt trauma. Types include contusion and lamellar laceration