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  2. Atomic model (mathematical logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_model_(mathematical...

    In model theory, a subfield of mathematical logic, an atomic model is a model such that the complete type of every tuple is axiomatized by a single formula. Such types are called principal types , and the formulas that axiomatize them are called complete formulas .

  3. Atom (measure theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(measure_theory)

    We can choose each point to be a common point of the atoms in the -th atomic class. A discrete measure is atomic but the inverse implication fails: take X = [ 0 , 1 ] {\displaystyle X=[0,1]} , Σ {\displaystyle \Sigma } the σ {\displaystyle \sigma } -algebra of countable and co-countable subsets, μ = 0 {\displaystyle \mu =0} in countable ...

  4. Rutherford model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model

    The Rutherford model served to concentrate a great deal of the atom's charge and mass to a very small core, but did not attribute any structure to the remaining electrons and remaining atomic mass. It did mention the atomic model of Hantaro Nagaoka , in which the electrons are arranged in one or more rings, with the specific metaphorical ...

  5. Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Board_of...

    The FBISE was established under the FBISE Act 1975. [2] It is an autonomous body of working under the Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training. [3] The official website of FBISE was launched on June 7, 2001, and was inaugurated by Mrs. Zobaida Jalal, the Minister for Education [4] The first-ever online result of FBISE was announced on 18 August 2001. [5]

  6. Bohr model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model

    When Bohr began his work on a new atomic theory in the summer of 1912 [8]: 237 the atomic model proposed by J J Thomson, now known as the Plum pudding model, was the best available. [9]: 37 Thomson proposed a model with electrons rotating in coplanar rings within an atomic-sized, positively-charged, spherical volume. Thomson showed that this ...

  7. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    A given atom has an atomic mass approximately equal (within 1%) to its mass number times the atomic mass unit (for example the mass of a nitrogen-14 is roughly 14 Da), but this number will not be exactly an integer except (by definition) in the case of carbon-12. [67] The heaviest stable atom is lead-208, [59] with a mass of 207.976 6521 Da. [68]

  8. Atomic packing factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_packing_factor

    In crystallography, atomic packing factor (APF), packing efficiency, or packing fraction is the fraction of volume in a crystal structure that is occupied by constituent particles. It is a dimensionless quantity and always less than unity. In atomic systems, by convention, the APF is determined by assuming that atoms are rigid spheres. The ...

  9. Nuclear structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_structure

    The atomic nucleus is a quantum n-body system. The internal motion of nucleons within the nucleus is non-relativistic, and their behavior is governed by the Schrödinger equation. Nucleons are considered to be pointlike, without any internal structure.