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In the field of enzymology, a betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase also known as betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) is a zinc metallo-enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from trimethylglycine and a hydrogen ion from homocysteine to produce dimethylglycine and methionine respectively: [2]
In enzymology, a homocysteine S-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. S-methylmethionine + L-homocysteine 2 L-methionine. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-methylmethionine and L-homocysteine, and it produces 2 molecules of L-methionine.
The common MTHFR deficiencies are usually asymptomatic, although the 677T variant can cause a mildly increased risk of some diseases. [citation needed]For individuals homozygous in the 677T variant, there is a mildly elevated risk of thromboembolism (odds ratio 1.2), [4] and stroke (odds ratio 1.26). [5]
The enzyme from Escherichia coli consists of two alpha8-beta8 (TIM) barrels positioned face to face and thought to have evolved by gene duplication. [1] The active site lies between the tops of the two barrels, the N -terminal barrel binds 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L- glutamic acid and the C -terminal barrel binds homocysteine.
Levomefolic acid (INN, also known as L-5-MTHF, L-methylfolate and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and (6S)-5-MTHF) is the primary biologically active form of folate used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle and the regulation of homocysteine.
In enzymology, a thetin-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction dimethylsulfonioacetate + L-homocysteine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } S-methylthioglycolate + L-methionine
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In enzymology, a [cytochrome-c]-methionine S-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.123) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-methionine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-S-methyl-methionine