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The encomienda system was generally replaced by the crown-managed repartimiento system throughout Spanish America after mid-sixteenth century. [8] Like the encomienda, the new repartimiento did not include the attribution of land to anyone, rather only the allotment of native workers. But they were directly allotted to the Crown, who, through a ...
The ideal life of an encomendero was a "casa poblada" (populated house), a Spanish concept which "implied a large house, a Spanish wife if possible, a table where many guests were maintained, African slaves, a staff of Spanish and Indian [Indigenous people] servant-employees" plus "a stable of horses, fine clothing, ownership of agricultural land and herds of livestock, and holding office on ...
According to his firsthand accounts, enslaved natives in the Indies were burned alive, starved, forced to work in mines, and the women stopped producing milk because of the hard labor they were forced into.' [1] While no similarly graphic accounts exists of the abuses endured by the native Filipinos, several revolts occurred due to encomienda ...
Initially, indigenous people were subjected to the encomienda system until the 1543 New Laws that prohibited it. This was replaced with the repartimiento system. [1] [2] [3] Africans were also transported to the Americas for their labor under the race-based system of chattel slavery.
Slavery in Latin America began in the pre-colonial period [3] when indigenous civilizations, including the Maya and Aztec, enslaved captives taken in war. [4] After the conquest of Latin America by the Spanish and Portuguese, of the nearly 12 million slaves that were shipped across the Atlantic, over 4 million enslaved Africans were brought to ...
[1] [2] A number of other European powers followed suit, and from the 15th through the 19th centuries, between two and five million Indigenous people were enslaved, [a] [3] [4] which had a devastating impact on many Indigenous societies, contributing to the overwhelming population decline of Indigenous peoples in the Americas. [5]
[nb 1] Encomienda gave the encomendero (holder of the encomienda) the right to receive tribute and labour from the indigenous inhabitants of a defined area. Up until the middle of the 16th century, the encomendero could assign his own level of tribute and labour to be provided by the natives within his encomienda, which gave rise to much abuse ...
Encomienda – Spanish labour system in its colonies; Encomiendas in Peru; Latifundio–minifundio land tenure structure – A concept in the social sciences describing the civil organization of latin america; Plantation – Farm for cash crops; Pronoia – Byzantine revenue system