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Milk from other mammalian species such as goats and sheep should not be used as a substitute for cow's milk, as milk proteins from other mammals are often cross-reactive. [65] However, some people with cow's milk allergy can tolerate goat's or sheep's milk. Milk from camels, pigs, reindeer, horses and donkeys may also be tolerated in some cases ...
Lactose intolerance is caused by a lessened ability or a complete inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. [1] Humans vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop. [1] Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, flatulence, and nausea. [1]
Some children who are allergic to cow's milk protein also show a cross-sensitivity to soy-based products. [52] Some infant formulas have their milk and soy proteins hydrolyzed, so when taken by infants, their immune systems do not recognize the allergen and they can safely consume the product. Hypoallergenic infant formulas can be based on ...
Roughly 10% of children with a milk allergy will have a reaction to beef. [47] Lactose intolerance, a common reaction to milk, is not a form of allergy at all, but due to the absence of an enzyme in the digestive tract. [48] Those with tree nut allergies may be allergic to one or many tree nuts, including pecans, pistachios, and walnuts. [44]
Lactose intolerance is a result of the body not producing sufficient lactase to digest the lactose in milk; [25] [26] dairy foods which are lower in lactose, such as cheese, are less likely to trigger a reaction in this case. Another carbohydrate intolerance caused by enzyme deficiency is hereditary fructose intolerance.
Per current guidelines , chronic FPIES with more frequent exposure to trigger foods (typically either milk or soy in baby formula) has a severe presentation: progressive vomiting with diarrhea, which may result in dehydration, metabolic acidosis, failure to thrive, or hospitalization. Less frequent exposure to trigger foods may present with ...
Anti-gal is a human natural antibody that interacts specifically with the mammalian carbohydrate structure gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R (the alpha-galactosyl epitope). [5] The alpha-gal molecule is found in all mammals except catarrhines ( apes and Old World monkeys ), [ 5 ] the taxonomic branch that includes humans .
This is known as the late-phase hypersensitivity reaction which can last from approximately 1-3 days and is caused by the release of additional mediators from the mast cells and basophils. [ 5 ] List of a few mediators released by mast cells in type 1 hypersensitivity and their actions