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The capsule biosynthesis, or CPS operon, is a section of the genome present in some Escherichia coli, of which regulates the production of polysaccharides making up the bacterial capsule. [1] These polysaccharides help protect the bacteria from harsh environments, toxic chemicals, and bacteriophages .
The capsule can protect cells from engulfment by eukaryotic cells, such as macrophages. [7] A capsule-specific antibody may be required for phagocytosis to occur. They also exclude bacterial viruses and most hydrophobic toxic materials such as detergents. [citation needed] Immunity to one capsule type does not result in immunity to the other ...
Polysaccharides (/ ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ s æ k ə r aɪ d ... Capsular polysaccharides are water-soluble, commonly acidic, and have molecular weights on the order of ...
NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135 is the commercial name for a polysaccharide vaccine that protects against meningococcal meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, specifically the serotypes A, C, Y, and W-135. This vaccine is part of a broader group of meningococcal vaccines .
Some types of H. influenzae contain a polysaccharide capsule around the outer membrane to aid in protection and colonization. [14] The bacteria are pleomorphic, meaning the shape of the bacterium is variable, however it is typically coccobacillus or rod-shaped. [15] H. Influenzae contains pili, which are specialized to adhere to the human ...
In bacterial efflux systems, certain substances that need to be extruded from the cell include surface components of the bacterial cell (e.g. capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and teichoic acid), proteins involved in bacterial pathogenesis (e.g. hemolysis, heme-binding protein, and alkaline protease), heme, hydrolytic enzymes, S ...
[1] [2] [3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in question. The Vi-rEPA vaccine is efficacious in children. [4]
Capsule fill weight is a critical attribute in encapsulation and various real-time fill weight monitoring techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and vibrational spectroscopy are used, as well as in-line weight checks, to ensure product quality.