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Bleach activation is also known as perhydrolysis. Persalts are inorganic salts that are used as hydrogen peroxide carriers (examples include sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate). Persalts and bleach activators are included together in powder laundry detergents that contain bleach. In the wash, both compounds dissolve in the water.
These compounds release hydrogen peroxide during the wash cycle, but the release of hydrogen peroxide is low when these compounds are used in temperatures below 45 °C (113 °F). TAED and hydrogen peroxide react to form peroxyacetic acid , a more efficient bleach, allowing lower temperature wash cycles, around 40 °C (104 °F).
Compared to TAED, which is the predominant bleach activator used in Europe, NOBS is efficient at much lower temperatures. At 20 °C NOBS is 100 times more soluble than TAED in water. [ 5 ] When attacked by the perhydroxyl anion (from hydrogen peroxide), NOBS forms peroxynonanoic acid (a peroxy acid ) and releases the leaving group sodium 4 ...
For materials containing more than 1.0 percent but not more than 7.0 percent hydrogen peroxide, the available oxygen content (O a) is not more than 0.5 percent, when determined using the equation: O a = 16x = where for a material containing k species of organic peroxides:
Sodium perborate releases oxygen rapidly at temperatures greater than 60 °C. Addition of the activator, typically tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), makes it active at lower temperatures (40–60 °C). The compound has antiseptic properties and can act as a disinfectant. It is also used as a "disappearing" preservative in some brands of eye drops.
Benzoyl peroxide is a common acne-fighting ingredient found in a variety of skin care products. Shop cleansers, treatments and more from brands like Cerave and La Roche Posay. The best benzoyl ...
Without activation, the persulfate anion is known to react with some organic chemicals, although with slow kinetics. [16] When melanin is oxidized, oxygen gas is released. [15] Products for bleaching one's hair at home usually contain a 6% solution of hydrogen peroxide, while products for use in a hair salon can contain up to 9%. [15]
Purex is one of the most widely used laundry detergents in North America. Its original product, Purex Bleach, was a major competitor to Clorox bleach. The brand name is also used for a line of in-wash "fragrance booster" products called Purex Crystals. The Purex Crystals brand was originally launched as an in-wash fabric softener product.
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