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  2. History of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophy

    The history of philosophy ... Some theorists contend that the history of philosophy is an integral part of philosophy. [4] For example, ... a human-centered worldview ...

  3. Worldview - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldview

    A worldview (also world-view) or Weltanschauung is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view. [1] A worldview can include natural philosophy; fundamental, existential, and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ...

  4. History of philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophical...

    [1]: 229 Rather than just a variation of Schopenhauer's philosophy, but similar to Von Hartmann's philosophy, Bahnsen's worldview is a synthesis of Schopenhauer with Hegel. But while Von Hartmann attempts to moderate Schopenhauer's pessimism with Hegel's optimistic belief in historical progress, Bahnsen's philosophy excludes any evolution or ...

  5. World Hypotheses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Hypotheses

    Machines are described according to the parts from which they are assembled—for example, gears, wires, or chips. Machines remain at rest until energy is supplied from outside. The root metaphor of mechanism (philosophy) is identification of the parts and processes and their response to stimulation from the environment.

  6. Philosophy of history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_history

    Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and its discipline. [1] The term was coined by the French philosopher Voltaire. [2]In contemporary philosophy a distinction has developed between the speculative philosophy of history and the critical philosophy of history, now referred to as analytic.

  7. Mechanism (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(philosophy)

    Newton's mechanical philosophy, with all its positive effects on human life, ultimately leads to Deism. [18] It is a stagnant worldview that cannot explain God's constant presence and favor in the world. [19] At the height of this philosophy, God was viewed as a skilled designer, and for him the mental structure and human morality were ...

  8. Medieval philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_philosophy

    Philosophy seated between the seven liberal arts; picture from the Hortus deliciarum of Herrad von Landsberg (12th century).. Medieval philosophy is the philosophy that existed through the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century until after the Renaissance in the 13th and 14th centuries. [1]

  9. Ancient philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_philosophy

    The School of "Minor-talks" was not a unique school of thought but a philosophy constructed of all the thoughts discussed by and originated from ordinary people on the street. Another group is the School of the Military that studied strategy and the philosophy of war; Sunzi and Sun Bin were influential leaders. However, this school was not one ...