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The white cup is a pit with no nerve fibers. As glaucoma advances, the cup enlarges until it occupies most of the disc area. [2] The cup-to-disc ratio compares the diameter of the cup portion of the optic disc with the total diameter of the optic disc. A good analogy to better understand the cup-to-disc ratio is the ratio of a donut hole to a ...
Cup–disc ratio CF: Count fingers vision – state distance c/o or c.o. Complains of CT: Cover test c/u: Check up CW: Close work Δ: Prism dioptre D: Dioptres DC: Dioptres cylinder DNA: Did not attend DOB: Date of birth DS: Dioptres sphere DV: Distance vision DVD: Dissociated vertical deviation EF: Eccentric fixation FB: Foreign body FD ...
[8] [10] Dilated fundus exam is the preferred method of diagnosis, as undilated exam may be too limited to visualize lesions or neovascularization that are more peripheral. [11] Glaucoma: A group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss due to damage to the optic nerve, generally from increased intraocular pressure. Changes on ophthalmologic ...
The interpretation of fundus photographs that are glaucomatous must contain a description of the vertical and horizontal cup to disc ratio, vessel pattern, diffuse or focal pallor, asymmetry and development of the above factors. The retinal nerve fibre layer should also be studied and commented on. [23]
to test colour vision ••Ishihara's chart: to determine the type of colour blindness Stenopaeic slit: detection of axis of the cylindrical (astigmatism) power of the eye; glaucoma testing Implants - •Intraocular lens: prosthetic lenses implanted after lens (anatomy) removal •Artificial eyes: as non-functional cosmetic implants into the ...
Schematic diagram of the human eye, with the optic disc, or blind spot, at the lower left. Shown is a horizontal cross section of the right eye, viewed from above. A normal optic disc is orange to pink in colour and may vary based on ethnicity. [3] A pale disc is an optic disc which varies in colour from a pale pink or orange colour to white. A ...
disc cup (shape, asymmetry), neuroretinal rim (area and volume) and; peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (retinal surface height variation, thickness, asymmetry). These stereometric parameters are compared with extensive databases and thus enable the eye to be classified taking into account the individual papillae size and the patient's age.
The term "disc-at-risk" refers to an optic nerve head characterized by a small cup-to-disc ratio and a crowding of optic nerve fibers. This anatomical feature is a significant factor in the development of NAION. [4] [5] Individuals predisposed to this condition typically have smaller optic discs with minimal or no cupping. This anatomical ...