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a Calorimeter in CERN. In experimental particle physics, a calorimeter is a type of detector that measures the energy of particles. Particles enter the calorimeter and initiate a particle shower in which their energy is deposited in the calorimeter, collected, and measured. The energy may be measured in its entirety, requiring total containment ...
The extended barrel section of the hadronic calorimeter. The calorimeters [1] [2] [3] are situated outside the solenoidal magnet that surrounds the Inner Detector. Their purpose is to measure the energy from particles by absorbing it. There are two basic calorimeter systems: an inner electromagnetic calorimeter and an outer hadronic calorimeter ...
The hadronic calorimeter works in much the same way except the hadronic calorimeter uses steel in place of lead. [9] Each calorimeter forms a wedge, which consists of both an electromagnetic calorimeter and a hadronic calorimeter. These wedges are about 2.4 m (8 ft) in length and are arranged around the solenoid. [29]
The calorimeter systems for high energy physics experiments usually consist of three main subsystems: electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) to detect electromagnetic showers produced by electrons (or positrons) and photons, hadronic calorimeter (HCAL) to measure hadron-induced showers, and muon tracker (or so-called tail catcher) to identify ...
The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is designed to measure with high accuracy the energies of electrons and photons. The ECAL is constructed from crystals of lead tungstate , PbWO 4 . This is an extremely dense but optically clear material, ideal for stopping high energy particles.
This occurs with an electromagnetic calorimeter, in the form of photons and/or electron+positron pairs. The energy of the particle may be then measured by the intensity of scintillation light produced by the various scintillator slices. An example detector that uses a shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter is the LHCb detector. [2]
Computer generated cut-away view of ALICE showing the 18 detectors of the experiment. ALICE is designed to study high-energy collisions between lead nuclei.These collisions mimic the extreme temperature and energy density that would have been found in the fractions of a second after the Big Bang by forming a quark–gluon plasma, a state of matter in which quarks and gluons are unbound.
More elaborate designs use the amount of light produced. Recording light from both primary and secondary particles, for a Cherenkov calorimeter the total light yield is proportional to the incident particle energy. Using the light direction are differential Cherenkov detectors.