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The Logical Investigations (German: Logische Untersuchungen) (1900–1901; second edition 1913) is a two-volume work by the philosopher Edmund Husserl, in which the author discusses the philosophy of logic and criticizes psychologism, the view that logic is based on psychology.
One controversial theoretical issue is the identification of an appropriate competence model, or a standard against which to compare human reasoning. Initially classical logic was chosen as a competence model. [16] [17] Subsequently, some researchers opted for non-monotonic logic [18] [19] and Bayesian probability.
In the philosophy of mind, logical behaviorism (also known as analytical behaviorism) [1] is the thesis that mental concepts can be explained in terms of behavioral concepts. [ 2 ] Logical behaviorism was first stated by the Vienna Circle , especially Rudolf Carnap . [ 2 ]
"A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent to Nervous Activity" is a 1943 article written by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts. [1] The paper, published in the journal The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, proposed a mathematical model of the nervous system as a network of simple logical elements, later known as artificial neurons, or McCulloch-Pitts neurons.
Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 1992 ff. Journal of Logic Programming, (Elsevir Publ.) 1984–2000. Continued by Theory and Practice of Logic Programming and The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming. Journal of Mathematical Logic, 2001 ff. Journal of Non-Classical Logic, 1982–1991. Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft ...
Logic, on the other hand, has the objective of discovering the laws of correct reasoning, independently of whether actual human thinking often falls short of this ideal. [2] [85] The psychologist Jean Piaget applied logic to psychology by using it to identify different stages of human psychological development. On his view, the ability to ...
A variety of basic concepts is used in the study and analysis of logical reasoning. Logical reasoning happens by inferring a conclusion from a set of premises. [3] Premises and conclusions are normally seen as propositions. A proposition is a statement that makes a claim about what is the case.
These theories include informal logic, social epistemology, ethnomethodology, speech acts, the sociology of knowledge, the sociology of science, and social psychology. These new theories are not non-logical or anti-logical. They find logical coherence in most communities of discourse.