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Legius syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by cafe au lait spots. [3] It was first described in 2007 and is often mistaken for neurofibromatosis type I. It is caused by mutations in the SPRED1 gene. [5] [6] It is also known as neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome. [1]
Having six or more café au lait spots greater than 5 mm in diameter before puberty, or greater than 15 mm in diameter after puberty, is a diagnostic feature of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1), but other features are required to diagnose NF-1. [2] Familial multiple cafe-au-lait spots have been observed without an NF-1 diagnosis. [9] Noonan syndrome
Neurofibromatosis type 1 in early life may cause learning and behavior problems – about 60% of children who have NF1 have mild difficulty in school. [7] Signs the individual might have are as follows: [8] [9] Six or more light brown dermatological spots ("café au lait spots") At least two neurofibromas; At least two growths on the eye's iris
It was first discovered when Riccardi et al. described multiple families with cafe-au-lait spots and no association for neurofibromatosis in 1980. [5]In 1993, Charrow et al. described five members from a four-generation family who had the characteristic tell-tale sign of neurofibromatosis, multiple cafe au lait spots; however, testing of the gene usually involved in neurofibromatosis revealed ...
The Mongolian spot is a congenital developmental condition exclusively involving the skin. The blue colour is caused by melanocytes, melanin-containing cells, that are deep under the skin. [6] Usually, as multiple spots or one large patch, it covers one or more of the lumbosacral area (lower back), the buttocks, sides, and shoulders. [6]
Conditions associated with the development of café au lait macules Condition Ataxia–telangiectasia: Bloom syndrome: Fanconi anaemia: Gaucher's disease: Legius syndrome: Marfan syndrome: McCune–Albright syndrome: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Neurofibromatosis type 1: Neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome: Noonan syndrome: Peutz ...
Familial progressive hyperpigmentation is characterized by patches of hyperpigmentation, present at birth, which increase in size and number with age.This is a genetic disease, however the gene that accounts for this spotty darkening of the skin has yet to be discovered.
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