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The rate of total microbial death on four bronzes varied from within 50–270 minutes at 20 °C, and from 180 to 270 minutes at 4 °C. The kill rate of E. coli O157 on copper-nickel alloys increased with increasing copper content. Zero bacterial counts at room temperature were achieved after 105–360 minutes for five of the six alloys.
The curve for E. coli is given in the figure, with the most effective UV light having a wavelength of 265 nm. This applies to most bacteria and does not change significantly for other microbes. Dosages for a 90% kill rate of most bacteria and viruses range between 2,000 and 8,000 μJ/cm 2.
In microbiology, in the context of a sterilization procedure, the D-value or decimal reduction time (or decimal reduction dose) is the time (or dose of an antimicrobial drug) required, at a given condition (e.g. temperature) or set of conditions, to achieve a one-log reduction, that is, to kill 90% of relevant microorganisms. [1]
1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak: E. coli O157:H7: undercooked hamburgers: Jack in the Box >700 [19] 4 [19] First deadly foodborne E. coli O157:H7 outbreak. 2003: 2003 United States hepatitis A outbreak: hepatitis A virus: green onions: 555 [22] 3 [22] Largest foodborne hepatitis outbreak. 2006: 2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak ...
Escherichia coli have an incubation period of 12–72 hours with the optimal growth temperature being 37 °C. Unlike the general coliform group, E. coli are almost exclusively of fecal origin and their presence is thus an effective confirmation of fecal contamination. Most strains of E. coli are harmless, but some can cause serious illness in ...
E. coli is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, nonsporulating coliform bacterium. [18] Cells are typically rod-shaped, and are about 2.0 μm long and 0.25–1.0 μm in diameter, with a cell volume of 0.6–0.7 μm 3. [19] [20] [21] E. coli stains gram-negative because its cell wall is composed of a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.
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DNA sequence of length 4.6 Mbp, the weight of the E. coli genome [27] 10 −17 ~1 × 10 −17 kg Vaccinia virus, a large virus [28] 1.1 × 10 −17 kg Mass equivalent of 1 joule [29] 10 −16: 3 × 10 −16 kg Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria, the smallest (and possibly most plentiful) [30] photosynthetic organism on Earth [31] [32] 10 −15 ...