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The rate of total microbial death on four bronzes varied from within 50–270 minutes at 20 °C, and from 180 to 270 minutes at 4 °C. The kill rate of E. coli O157 on copper-nickel alloys increased with increasing copper content. Zero bacterial counts at room temperature were achieved after 105–360 minutes for five of the six alloys.
The curve for E. coli is given in the figure, with the most effective UV light having a wavelength of 265 nm. This applies to most bacteria and does not change significantly for other microbes. Dosages for a 90% kill rate of most bacteria and viruses range between 2,000 and 8,000 μJ/cm 2.
This includes, in the context of antibiotic susceptibility testing, strains such as beta-lactamase producing E. coli. [9] MALDI-TOF is rapid and automated. [9] There are limitations to testing in this format however; results may not match the results of phenotypic testing, [9] and acquisition and maintenance is expensive. [25]
In microbiology, in the context of a sterilization procedure, the D-value or decimal reduction time (or decimal reduction dose) is the time (or dose of an antimicrobial drug) required, at a given condition (e.g. temperature) or set of conditions, to achieve a one-log reduction, that is, to kill 90% of relevant microorganisms. [1]
Escherichia coli have an incubation period of 12–72 hours with the optimal growth temperature being 37 °C. Unlike the general coliform group, E. coli are almost exclusively of fecal origin and their presence is thus an effective confirmation of fecal contamination. Most strains of E. coli are harmless, but some can cause serious illness in ...
1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak: E. coli O157:H7: undercooked hamburgers: Jack in the Box >700 [19] 4 [19] First deadly foodborne E. coli O157:H7 outbreak. 2003: 2003 United States hepatitis A outbreak: hepatitis A virus: green onions: 555 [22] 3 [22] Largest foodborne hepatitis outbreak. 2006: 2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak ...
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A microorganism, or microbe, [a] is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells.. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India.