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These include paraplegia, quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome and spina bifida. [ 6 ] [ footnotes 1 ] Minimal qualification for wheelchair sport is minimal body function impairment. In practice, ISMWSF has defined this as 70 points or less on the muscle group function test for people with lower limb and trunk impairments.
Paraplegia, or paraparesis, is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. The word comes from Ionic Greek ( παραπληγίη ) "half-stricken". [ citation needed ] It is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that affects the neural (brain) elements of the spinal canal .
A person's level of injury is defined as the lowest level of full sensation and function. [11] Paraplegia occurs when the legs are affected by the spinal cord damage (in thoracic, lumbar, or sacral injuries), and tetraplegia occurs when all four limbs are affected (cervical damage). [12] SCI is also classified by the degree of impairment.
Ramón Sampedro (1943–1998) – Spanish fisherman, whose struggle for the right to die was dramatized in the film Mar Adentro. [34] Sam Schmidt (born 1964) – IndyCar racing driver, paralysed in 2000 testing crash. [35] Ken Slater (1924–1963) – Australian rules footballer and tennis player, paralyzed in car accident. [36]
In medicine, paresis (/ p ə ˈ r iː s ɪ s, ˈ p æ r ə s ɪ s /), compund word from greek Ancient Greek: πάρεσις, (πᾰρᾰ- “beside” + ἵημι “let go, release”), is a condition typified by a weakness of voluntary movement, or by partial loss of voluntary movement or by impaired movement.
F2, also T2 and SP2, is a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level C7. Historically, it was known as 1B Complete, 1A Incomplete. People in this class are often tetraplegics.
S6 swimmers with spinal cord injuries tend to be complete paraplegics with lesions below T9 to L1 and where their leg function does not assist them in swimming. S6 swimmers of this type have effect arm cycling and can use their hands and fingers to gain propulsion during the catch phase.
The class includes people with spinal cord injuries who compete using a wheelchair in track events. They have paraplegia, but have normal hand and arm function, normal or limited trunk function, and no leg function. This class includes CP-ISRA classes CP3 and CP4, and some athletes in ISOD classes A1, A2 and A3.