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A modern English grammar on historical principles is a seven-volume grammar of English written by Otto Jespersen. The first volume ("part"), Sounds and Spellings, was published in 1909; two through five were on syntax; six was on morphology; and seven returned to the topic of syntax. It took until 1949 for all seven to be completed. [1]: 1766
In English, objects and complements nearly always come after the verb; a direct object precedes other complements such as prepositional phrases, but if there is an indirect object as well, expressed without a preposition, then that precedes the direct object: give me the book, but give the book to me.
This grammar recognises the seven patterns as above, but using partly different terms and abbreviations. [3]: 122 In addition, it recognises a clause type with a different verb type: a prepositional verb such as rely on which is followed by a prepositional object. [3]: 129 It also recognises two further types of adverbial.
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (CamGEL [n 1]) is a descriptive grammar of the English language. Its primary authors are Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum. Huddleston was the only author to work on every chapter. It was published by Cambridge University Press in 2002 and has been cited more than 8,000 times. [1]
The content in the books is largely based on The Manual of English Grammar and Composition by J. C. Nesfield. Other books in this series are Elementary English Grammar, A First Book of English Grammar and Composition, High School English Grammar and Composition and A Final Course of Grammar & Composition. The series of textbooks is still in use ...
The first edition was published in 1998 as A Dictionary of Modern American Usage, and released in an abridged, paperback edition in 2000 as The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style. In 2003, the second full edition was published under the title Garner's Modern American Usage , with one-third more content than the original edition. [ 4 ]
Unaccusative and unergative verbs, while syntactically different, are communicated the same on the surface. They both include a noun phrase (NP) followed by a verb phrase (VP) when produced. In generative grammar, an unaccusative verb is analysed as having an underlying VP shell in which the NP is selected by the bottom-most VP and later moved ...
This is because English grammar requires that the verb and its subject agree in person. The pronouns I and he are first and third person respectively, as are the verb forms am and is. The verb form must be selected so that it has the same person as the subject in contrast to notional agreement, which is based on meaning. [2] [3]